Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Business Ethics - Essay Example It is now again trying to sell itself inviting offers from Qwest and Verizon, both of who are also recovering from debts. They are trying to outbid others and making promises which they may not be able to maintain as business deteriorates. This is again a matter of concern because ethics are compromised under such circumstances. The Corporate Governance norms were violated at WorldCom, which is unexpected of the Directors and the CEO. Over ambitiousness of the CEO to acquire several companies with the stocks of WorldCom led him to boost the company’s profits artificially by as much as $3.9 billion (Bhattacharya, 2004). Costs were considered as capital investment which helped the company to sustain its apparently smooth and rapid earning growth. They even claimed depreciation of the ‘capital investments’. The behavior of the CEO and the CFO were the driving forces behind the unethical conduct. The CEO utilized the company loan of $400 million to buy ranches and other personal properties, which is unethical. He used the services of the CFO to ensure rising stock prices so that his personal stake would provide the security for the loan. They hid the information from the external auditor. Additionally, the big names in auditing and accounting have failed to detect the irregularities or to gu ide the firms. This would amount to hidden complicity between the auditors and WorldCom. The audit committee did not have a financial expert. Besides, they had the sole authority to appoint, retain, compensate, evaluate and terminate the company’s independent auditors (Petra, 2006). WorldCom had crumbled because of its unethical practices. MCI on the other hand was reputed for its â€Å"integrity, innovation and value† (Thurston, 2007). WorldCom’s name was changed to MCI as a part of the reorganization plan filed in the bankruptcy court in US. According to the executive vice-president, they wanted to re-establish

Research Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

Research Hypothesis Essay Null Hypothesis: The new developed drug has no considerable difference from the standard multi-drug regimen used by most cancer patients (Â µ1 = Â µ2). Alternative Hypothesis: The new developed drug is considerably better from the standard multi-drug regimen used by most cancer patients (Â µ1 Â µ2). The dependent variable in the study is the so-called ‘level of efficacy’ (or in simple term, the level of effectiveness of the drug). This independent variable may be measured by: 1) T-cell counts among AIDS patients, 2) improved blood circulation (measured by blood pumped per ounce per second), and 3) rate of antibody formation. For the sake of simplicity, we shall only consider the first measure of ‘efficacy’ (T-cell counts among AIDS patients). The independent variable in the study is the ‘type of drug’ used to treat patients with AIDS. Method For the purpose of theoretical efficiency, we can assume the existence of two groups. Group A is a population sample treated with the ‘new developed drug.’ Group B is a population sample treated with the standard multi-drug regimen. Note that both drugs are assumed to have a general effect on the mitigation of AIDS among patients. A higher population mean (measured by T-cell counts) would indicate a higher ‘level of efficacy.’ Biases Experimenter bias may be exhibited in the study as: 1) error in the specification of experimental maneuver, 2) error in the measurement of outcomes, and 3) faulty interpretation of data. Because of the complexity of the study, it is very likely for the researcher to commit the second error. Selection bias is not present in the study. Ethical Issues There are two pressing ethical issues in the study. First, it is generally unethical to use an untested drug (medical) to a group of AIDS patients (although it may be argued that the drug has been tested many times in the laboratory). Second, it is dangerous to test the efficacy of two sets of drugs to ‘actual’ patients.

Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck Essay -- Chrysanthem

Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck "A symbol is an act, person, thing, or spectacle that stands for something else, by association a usually broader idea in addition to its own literal meaning" (Cassill & Bausch, 1728). John Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums" may seem as a story describing a simple day with the Allen couple. It begins with Elisa Allen working in her garden and her husband, Henry Allen, negotiating with two suited business men that want to purchase steers. They seem to engage in conversations and go about their day as they normally would do. By the time the story ends, they are on their way to dinner and a movie. At first glance, this story may seem as nothing special, just a day in the life of fairly happy couple attempting to enjoy their marriage. However, there is much more under the surface of what is written. The story has a relative amount of symbols which gives light on other details of the story. It is not until after looking at deeper meanings of some of the symbols that there can be a m ore comprehensive reading of the tale. If one takes a good look, one can notice that Henry is an uncommunicative husband, and Elisa craves for more from the relationship, and her life. The lack of passion between Elisa and her husband leads her to use her flowers, the chrysanthemums, and other household tasks as an outlet for the attention that she longs for. Elisa, like many other women, is limited by society's view on women's position in the home. A more clear example of how Elisa feels can be better explained by Steinbeck's description of the where Elisa and Henry live. "The high gray-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world. On e... ...but romantic. That simple gesture is enough to sustain Elisa for the present time. She probably also realizes that the wine is the most she will get out of Henry for a long time. All of this insight and analysis of the meaning behind Elisa's chrysanthemums is what opens up the undisclosed doors of this story. If one did not look further into the story, it would seem as if the author was providing a bunch of unnecessary pieces of information about a specific day in the life of Elisa Allen. The chrysanthemums, being the key to the story, give a more in-depth understanding of this woman's life and her struggles that would otherwise not be acknowledged. Works Cited: Steinbeck, John. ?The Chrysanthemums.? Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 2nd Compact ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. 359-366

Old Chinese Gender Selection Method Health And Social Care Essay

Methods: This was a longitudinal descriptive survey. Pregnant adult females ( Civilian non entitled ) holding full term gestation labeled bringing instances and admitted in officer ‘s household ward of Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa infirmary Karachi Pakistan from 31 March 2010 to 11 June 2010 were included in the survey. Consequences: Entire topics observed in the survey were 100.The average age of the adult females was 27.44 old ages with standard divergence of 4.35. Out of 100 delivered babes 42 were misss and 58 were male childs and 50 % .were right predicted with misss. sensitiveness of 45.23 % and specificity of 53.44 % . and sensitiveness of 53.44 % and specificity of 45.23 % .The positive predicted values calculated for foretelling boys baby was 57.40 % and for miss babies 41.30 severally. Decision: This survey remained focused on cognizing its truth after construct and revealed same consequence of truth of 50 % as with chance of tossing a coin but it did happen better sensitiveness for foretelling male as compared to female. Bing non invasive, this trial can give better and new consequences if practiced under the supervising of a confer withing household doctor particularly on good educated pregnant adult females. Cardinal Wordss: Mother ‘s age, Last catamenial Period, Month of Conception, sex anticipation, Sex planning, Chinese Method. —IntroductionThe ultimate purpose of every married adult female remains to be a female parent. Marital life starts with guess and planning of kids, their Numberss and sex. Fertility, which refers to holding construct or existent kid bearing, becomes the foremost desire. Gender of the pick is a natural desire of a adult female. However on first gestation this desire remains hibernating in the supplications. During initial phases of gestation suspense remain in cognizing the sex of an unborn babe. Assorted scientific methods are available for the anticipation of the sex of the foetus. These include Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS ) , amniocentesis and ultrasound. Other methods used to foretell the sex of foetus after construct are Old married womans narratives, foetal bosom rate trial, draino trial and Chinese lunar calendar ( CLC ) method etc. The most popular method is extremist sound which is best done between 18 and 26 hebdomads of gestation but its truth depends upon several factors: babe ‘s cooperation, gestational age, technician ‘s ability, etc ( 1 ) . Once the twosome have the babe of either sex and wants to hold the babe of their ain pick, they go for gender choice or planning of methods which provide counsel for following steps before construct. There is a broad prevailing tendency among pregnant adult females of developing states of holding a penchant for male child babes. In states like China, India, and Korea socio-cultural environments do be which contribute to boy kid prejudice in attitude and action ( 2 ) . A societal study on gender penchants prepossession sex choice among pregnant adult females in Karachi, Pakistan revealed that 27.6 % Pakistani adult females do demo a statistically important penchant for male childs over misss ( 3 ) , In Egypt a survey found 1.4 overall boy penchant index ( 4 ) Among the United States general population harmonizing to a cross-sectional web-based study, 39 % of respondents liked their first kid to be a boy, and 19 % liked their first kid to be a girl ( 5 ) .However on big graduated table, prepossession sex choice for non medical grounds raises of import lesson, legal, and societal issues and it can take to a socially riotous instability of the sexes. The methods which provide the option of planning of sex of the babe before construct include the Shettles method and Chinese lunar calendar method. Shettles method named for Dr. Landrum Shettles, based on timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation, sexual place and adult females orgasm ( 6 ) . The Chinese lunar calendar chart ( Table – 1 ) has the advantage of utilizing it for planning of sex of the babe before construct and foretelling the sex even after construct. Harmonizing to fable, the Chinese birth gender chart is based on statistics taken from adult females inside the out metropolis during the China dynasty. This chart was discovered by a Chinese scientist around 700 old ages ago buried in a royal grave. Original transcript of the chart is now placed in the institute of scientific discipline of Beijing China. Accuracy of this chart is claiming to be 99 % and is based on female parent ‘s age and month of construct which are converted into their lunar eq uivalents ( 7 ) . Globally really few surveies have been conducted on this method but in Pakistan no such record were found. The purpose of this survey was to prove the truth and prognostic value of Chinese calendar method in a sample of pregnant adult females admitted for hospital bringing at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi.SUBJECT AND METHODSThis was a longitudinal descriptive survey in which truth of the Chinese method of foretelling sex of unborn babe was noted in the conceived adult females. Pregnant adult females holding full term gestation labeled bringing instances and admitted in officer ‘s household ward of Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa infirmary from 31 March 2010 to 11 June 2010 were included in the survey. Civilian non entitled ( CNE ) class of the adult females was included as compared to services forces households sing their better socio economic conditions, instruction and better place of remembering the day of the month of last catamenial period ( LMP ) . Inclusion Standards: All CNE pregnant adult females 15 -45 old ages of age holding singleton gestation. Exclusion Standards: All pregnant adult females belonging to Pakistan Armed Forces. All CNE pregnant adult females & A ; lt ; 15 old ages and & A ; gt ; 45 old ages age and holding multiple and premature bringings. A Performa was drafted to observe indispensable bio informations of topics including name, age, day of the month of last catamenial period, expected day of the month of bringing ( EDD ) , existent day of the month of bringing, sex of delivered babe and observed truth of the trial. The month of LMP was correlated with the age of each pregnant adult females and anticipation of gender was done against each severally. This consequence was tested on the twenty-four hours of bringing of the babe and truth of the trial was compared.ConsequenceEntire topics observed in the survey were 100.The average age of the adult females was 27.44 old ages with standard divergence of 4.35. Minimal age was 18 and maximal age was 38 ( Figure -1 ) . The average gestational age was 36 hebdomads. Out of 100 delivered babes 42 were misss and 58 were male childs. Among 42 miss babes 19 were right predicted, hence the method holding a sensitiveness of 45.23 % and specificity of 53.44 % . Out of 58 male childs ba bes 31 right predicted with a sensitiveness of 53.44 % and specificity of 45.23 % ( Figure – 2 ) . .The positive predicted values calculated for foretelling male childs was 57.40 % and for misss 41.30 severally.DiscussionFamily / Community physicians like accoucheurs while covering with a pregnant lady normally encountered the inquiry about anticipation of sex of foetus. The concerns of twosome remain on top peculiarly when they already had series of kids of either sex particularly misss. In an eastern developing state like Pakistan where there is a male-dominancy and broad prevalent female illiteracy led to penchants for male child babe. Here even the life of adult females may stay on interest because of the menaces by hubby / female parent in jurisprudence or due to seeking an illegal abortion. The Chinese lunar calendar method is a non -invasive cheap method to foretell the sex of the foetus. With simple counsel and follow up by household doctor it is possible to acquire coveted consequences. Our survey being the experimental survey remained focused on acquiring the information pertaining to age, last catamenial period ( LMP ) day of the month, full term period of gestation and consequence of the bringing. Although CLC method holding no information on the principle or biological footing, we were funny in cognizing the consequences in Pakistani adult females. In our survey truth found was 50 per centum.Same consequences were obtained by two other international surveies ( 8, 9 ) .However in our survey trial sensitiveness was higher for male childs babies ( 53.44 % ) as compared to girl babies ( 45.23 % ) and therefore the positive predictive values for male baby was high ( 57.40 % ) Versus female babies ( 41.30 % ) .DecisionThe Chinese lunar calendar method offers two manner uses of planning of sex of babe before construct and anticipation of foetus sex after construct. This survey remained focused on cognizing its truth after construct and revealed same consequence of truth of 50 % as with chance of tossing a coin but it did happen better sensitiveness for foretelling male child as compared to girl babies. This survey can give better and new consequences if practiced under the supervising of a confer withing household doctor for the intent of be aftering babe ‘s sex before construct particularly on good educated pregnant adult females.

Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy

Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy? In recent years, Generation Y is particularly underemployed in the United States. Some people consider sluggish economy as an important reason for Generation Y unemployed. Other said the most important reason is Generation Y is extreme laziness – despite the opportunities that await them. I agree with the second point. In my opinion, Generation Y just lazy, they don’t want to spend a lot of time to work. They are making a choice to work at companies that pay less but offer them that more free time.Although they have bachelor’s degree, they prefer to work in retail jobs. This may be due to their attributes, working attitude and government compensation. The first reason that leads to Generation Y lazy can be Generation Y’s attribute. â€Å"We can learn Generation Y does assign different levels of importance and partially assigns different levels of happiness to the five motivational factors examined in this study: re sponsibilities, compensation, work environment, advancement potential, and free time.This study represents the first attempt to explore motivational factors for the Generation Y workforce within the federal government†(Barford). Depend on my research, I learned Generation Y’s responsibility is least, and free time is the most important for Generation Y. They are making a choice to work at companies that pay less but offer them that more free time. Generation Y’s attributes showed us that they have less responsibility for company and they would like get more free time. In other word, they don’t spend a lot of time to work.Second, underemployed due to Generation Y’s working attitude. We can learn the best-paid jobs with companies ranked high among Generation Y are all in science and technology, the survey shows. Google, Intel and Microsoft are all among the top five best companies for Gen Y, ranked based on average pay for Millennial working there, jo b satisfaction and flexible schedules, among other things. At the same time, it's most common for Gen Y to work for small companies of 100 employees or less†(Hadley). We can learn Generation Y prefer to flexible schedules and chose small companies.They most likely to hold low-paying jobs in retail, so that degree is not important for them. They don’t want to study in high school or university because they can find a job without degree. On the other hand, Internet is very important for Generation Y. In fact more than half of Gen Y workers â€Å"will not accept a job that bans social media. † This report demonstrates that to Gen Y, they â€Å"consider the internet to be as important as air, water, food, and shelter and will choose a lower paying job in order to be able use it – especially in lieu of doing any actual work.Because Generation Y is lazy, they are not employed in large numbers inside America’s biggest companies. This is Generation Yâ€⠄¢s working attitude that is one of reason of lazy. The government compensation effects on unemployment, which stimulate unemployment people, are lazy to seeking job. The government unemployment compensation is likely to have increased the average rate of unemployment. â€Å"Our current system of unemployment compensation has two distinct but related bad incentives. The first one for those who are employed, it reduces and eliminated the cost of increasing the period of unemployment.The second effect for more unsteady work, it raises net wage to the employee relative to the cost to the employer. â€Å"(Feldstein ;amp; Martin, p 39). According to these two effects of unemployment compensation, it stimulates the people who are lazy to seeking job. The government unemployment entitlement gives guarantee for the people who are lose job or seeking job, however, this overprotected politics cases extreme laziness to underemployment to find job. In conclusion, I agree with this point that Generation Y is just lazy. This may be due to their attributes, working attitude and government compensation.Actually, Generation Y can improve their life quality, if they are not lazy. They have ability to get good degree and find a good job. Works Cited Barford, Ian N and Hester, Defense Acquisition Research Journal: A Publication of the Defense Acquisition University; Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p63-80, 18p, 2 Color Photographs, 5 Graphs Hadley Malcolm, Gen Y most likely to hold low-paying jobs in retail, USA Today, 07347456, AUG 22, 2012. Feldstein ;amp; Martin. Unemployment compensation: its effect on unemployment. Monthly Labor Review; Mar76, Vol. 99 Issue 3, p39, 3p.